What is FileVault and How to Use It?

FileVault is a security feature available on macOS devices. In practice, it is a built-in disk encryption process that uses 128-AES encryption with a 256-bit key. The Mac's hard drive and the files stored on it will be encrypted and afterward will require a password to be opened. FileVault launched back in 2003 with OS X 10.3 Panther but this initial incarnation had some serious issues with its functionality and implementation. However, most of the problems, have now been left in past with the introduction of FileVault 2.

So who is FileVault for? Generally, speaking this a good security measure for all users. However, it should be especially useful for those that store sensitive data on their Macs, while often taking the devices to public spaces. FileVault does have some downsides that should be taken into account. To access the protected files, users will need to remember yet another password on top of the myriad others that we have to juggle every single day. Secondly, older devices might take a noticeable performance hit while FileVault is active. 

Checking if FileVault is enabled

1. Select the Apple menu and open 'System Preferences.'
2. Go to 'Privacy & Security.'
3. Click on the FileVault tab and check the displayed status.

Turning FileVault on

Before you proceed to enable FileVault, keep in mind that the initial encryption process might take several hours to be completed. Even though the encryption will be performed in the background, leaving you free to use the Mac, you shouldn't expect it to work at peak performance during that time. In addition, the entire disk will be encrypted requiring any additional users on the device to be enabled as well. Afterward, they can access the data by entering their passwords.

1. Go to the Apple menu and open 'System Preferences.'
2. Choose 'Privacy & Security.'
3. Go to the FileVault tab.
4. Click on the lock in the bottom left corner of the window.
5. Enter the required administrator credentials.
6. Click on 'Turn On FileVault.'
7. Choose between linking your iCloud account to FileVault or creating a recovery key.
8. Click 'Continue.'
9. Choose 'Restart' to reboot the device and initiate the encryption process.

The FileVault Recovery Key option

Users who choose this option instead of linking their iCloud account will need to take extra care when handling the recovery key. Create a note of the key and keep it in a secure place that is not on the hard drive, if possible. Without the recovery key, all of the encrypted data will become inaccessible.