StyleServ
StyleServ is categorized as a type of malware known as a backdoor, which serves a specific role in the realm of cyber threats. Backdoor-type malware is specifically crafted to perform a two-fold function: firstly, it readies a compromised system for more extensive infiltration, and secondly, it facilitates the execution of subsequent stages of infection. These later stages often involve the downloading and installation of additional unsafe programs or components onto the infected system.
In the case of StyleServ, the precise objectives it pursues are currently shrouded in uncertainty. Nevertheless, it is highly probable that its primary function is to act as a preparatory tool in the context of a broader cyberattack strategy. This suggests that StyleServ's primary role is to create the necessary conditions for more advanced forms of malware to infiltrate and compromise the target system further.
StyleServ Infections Could Have Dire Consequences
It is highly likely that StyleServ serves a critical role in the context of infiltrated networks, primarily by conducting scans to identify information that can be exploited to further the attack. This includes pinpointing existing vulnerabilities and other relevant data. Such tools are instrumental in targeted attacks, particularly those characterized by their adaptability, as they heavily rely on the unique characteristics of the target and its security posture.
StyleServ infections are known to employ a technique called DLL side-loading. This method takes advantage of the Windows DLL search order mechanism, allowing the malware to use a legitimate program as a vehicle for executing its malicious payload, such as StyleServ. This backdoor is typically employed in passive attacks, which are distinguished by their focus on system monitoring. This monitoring activity can encompass tasks like vulnerability scanning and port probing.
In passive attacks, the level of interaction with the compromised system varies. Some require minimal interaction, while others engage in active reconnaissance. A notable example of active reconnaissance is port scanning, which is aimed at gathering intelligence about the network's operations. Specifically, it aims to detect available weak points and potential avenues for deeper infiltration.
Within StyleServ's infection mechanism, once the DLL is executed, it initiates the creation of five threads, each assigned to a different port. These threads periodically attempt to access a file titled 'stylers.bin' at 60-second intervals. The file's validity is determined based on its availability and its adherence to specific criteria.
If deemed valid, the file is used in network requests for subsequent threads. The primary objective of these threads is to monitor activities on network sockets. Consequently, these threads function as encrypted versions of "stylers.bin" and serve as receptors for remote connections.
Typical Infection Vectors Utilized by Cybercriminals
The specific method of StyleServ's proliferation remains undisclosed at present. Malware distribution commonly relies on phishing and social engineering tactics, especially among sophisticated threat actors who employ targeted attacks and enticements.
These threatening programs are frequently camouflaged within or bundled alongside ordinary software or media files. They can manifest in various formats, including executable files, archives like ZIP or RAR, documents, JavaScript code and more.
The most prevalent distribution techniques encompass: the inclusion of fraudulent attachments or links in spam emails, direct messages, private messages or text messages; stealthy and deceptive drive-by downloads; online tactics; malvertising, which involves deceptive advertising campaigns; dubious download sources such as unofficial and free file-hosting websites and peer-to-peer sharing networks; illicit software activation tools like 'cracks;' and counterfeit software updates.
Furthermore, certain harmful programs possess the capability to self-propagate through local networks and removable storage implements, including USB flash drives and external hard drives. This underlines the diverse range of strategies employed by cybercriminals to disseminate malware.
